初中英语难点“被动”语态用法全攻略

　　被动语态的使用情况

　　（1）当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，这时往往不用by 短语。

　　如：

　　“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

　　怀特先生，这只茶杯是下课后被打碎的。

　　（2）突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

　　如：

　　These records were made by John Denver.

　　这些报道是被约翰·丹佛做的。

　　被动语态中谓语动词的基本构成

　　be + done

　　被动语态的构成

　　（1）一般现在时：am / is / are + done。

　　如：

　　①People grow rice in the south of the country.

　　→Rice is grown in the south of the country.

　　稻米在这个国家的南部被种植。

　　②The school doesn’t allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

　　→We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

　　我们不被允许在没有老师的情况下进入化学实验室。

　　（2）一般过去时：was / were + done。

　　如：

　　①They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

　　→The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

　　建立一个新的汽车工厂在上个月被一致同意。

　　②The students didn’t forget their lessons easily.

　　→Their lessons were not easily forgotten.

　　他们的功课没有被轻易遗忘。

　　（3）一般将来时：will + be done。

　　如：

　　①They will send cars abroad by sea.

　　→Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

　　汽车通过海路被送到国外。

　　②She will take care of theses children.

　　→These children will be taken care of by her.

　　那些孩子将由她照顾。

　　（4）现在完成时：have / has + been + done。如：

　　①Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

　　→I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

　　我已经被告诉会议可能会被延迟。

　　②He has brought his book here.

　　→His book has been brought here.

　　他的书被带到了这里。

　　（5）含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be+ done。

　　如：

　　①You must hand in your compositions after class.

　　→Your compositions must be handed in after class.

　　你的作文必须在下课之后被上交。

　　②He can write a great many letters with the computer.

　　→A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.

　　很多信能够被他用计算机写。

　　练一练

　　1. More chances to learn from each other ______ for students by working in groups.

　　A. provide B. will provide

　　C. was provided D. are provided

　　【点拨】第①步：分析句意。通过小组合作，将会为学生们______更多互相学习的机会。第②步：分析选项。provide一般现在时；will provide一般将来时；was provided一般过去时的被动语态；are provided一般现在时的被动语态。第③步：分析句子结构。谓语动词“provide”与主语“More chances”之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。主语为“More chances”，谓语动词用复数形式。故选D。

　　2. Many people ______ that there would be a snowstorm next week.

　　A. tells B. told C.were told D. is told

　　【点拨】第①步：分析句意。很多人______下周将有一场暴风雪。第②步：分析选项。tells一般现在时；told一般过去时；were told一般过去时的被动语态；is told一般现在时的被动语态。第③步：分析句子结构。谓语动词“tell”与主语“Many people”之间为动宾关系，且宾语从句时态为过去将来时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。

　　3. Food safety is very important. So some rules______to stop people from polluting food.

　　A. should make B. should be made

　　C.was made D. has been made

　　【点拨】第①步：分析句意。食品安全非常重要。所以一些措施______来阻止人们污染食物。第②步：分析选项。should make一般现在时；should be made含有情态动词的被动语态；was made一般过去时的被动语态；has been made现在完成时的被动语态。第③步：分析句子结构。谓语动词“make”与主语“rules”之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据句意可知，此处是指“规则应该被制定”，应用情态动词“should”。故选B。

　　4. I plan to build an unusual house. It ______ out of waste materials.

　　A. is built B. has built

　　C.will be built D. builds

　　【点拨】第①步：分析句意。我计划建造一个不同寻常的房子。它______由废弃材料制成。第②步：分析选项。is built一般现在时的被动语态；has built现在完成时；will be built一般将来时的被动语态；builds一般现在时。第③步：分析句子结构。谓语动词“build”与主语“It”之间存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据句意可知此处表示还未发生的事情，应用一般将来时。故选C。

　　5. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, lots of trees______in the past three years.

　　A. are planted B. were planted

　　C. have been planted D. will be planted

　　【点拨】第①步：分析句意。为了使我们的家乡更漂亮，很多树______在过去的三年里。第②步：分析选项。are planted一般现在时的被动语态；were planted一般过去时的被动语态；have been planted现在完成时的被动语态；will be planted一般将来时的被动语态。第③步：分析句子结构。谓语动词“plant”与主语“trees”之间存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据时间状语“in the past three years”可知应用现在完成时。故选C。

　　6. Hurry up! Once the concert starts, nobody ______(allow) to enter the concert hall.

　　【点拨】第①步：观察语境，找到关键词“Hurry up！”可首先判断出本题的时态是一般现在时；第②步：分析语境“nobody”与“allow”之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填is allowed。

　　7. The speech competition___(regard) as a success. Many students joined it and they expressed their ideas as well.

　　【点拨】第①步：观察语境，找到关键词“joined”，“expressed”可首先判断出本题的时态是一般过去时；第②步：分析语境“competition”与“regard”之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填was regarded。